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simh-testsetgenerator/NOVA/nova_doc.txt
Bob Supnik 701f0fe028 Notes For V2.8 
1. New Features

1.1 Directory and documentation

- Only common files (SCP and libraries) are in the top level
  directory.  Individual simulator files are in their individual
  directories.
- simh_doc.txt has been split up.  simh_doc.txt now documents
  only SCP.  The individual simulators are documented in separate
  text files in their own directories.
- mingw_build.bat is a batch file for the MINGW/gcc environment
  that will build all the simulators, assuming the root directory
  structure is at c:\sim.
- Makefile is a UNIX make file for the gcc environment that will
  build all the simulators, assuming the root directory is at
  c:\sim.

1.2 SCP

- DO <file name> executes the SCP commands in the specified file.
- Replicated registers in unit structures can now be declared as
  arrays for examine, modify, save, and restore.  Most replicated
  unit registers (for example, mag tape position registers) have
  been changed to arrays.
- The ADD/REMOVE commands have been replaced by SET unit ONLINE
  and SET unit OFFLINE, respectively.
- Register names that are unique within an entire simulator do
  not have to be prefaced with the device name.
- The ATTACH command can attach files read only, either under
  user option (-r), or because the attached file is ready only.
- The SET/SHOW capabilities have been extended.  New forms include:

	SET <dev> param{=value}{ param ...}
	SET <unit> param{=value}{ param ...}
	SHOW <dev> {param param ...}
	SHOW <unit> {param param ...}

- Multiple breakpoints have been implemented.  Breakpoints are
  set/cleared/displayed by:

	BREAK addr_list{[count]}
	NOBREAK addr_list
	SHOW BREAK addr_list

1.3 PDP-11 simulator

- Unibus map implemented, with 22b RP controller (URH70) or 18b
  RP controller (URH11) (in debug).
- All DMA peripherals rewritten to use map.
- Many peripherals modified for source sharing with VAX.
- RQDX3 implemented.
- Bugs fixed in RK11 and RL11 write check.

1.4 PDP-10 simulator

- ITS 1-proceed implemented.
- Bugs fixed in ITS PC sampling and LPMR

1.5 18b PDP simulator

- Interrupts split out to multiple levels to allow easier
  expansion.

1.5 IBM System 3 Simulator

- Written by Charles (Dutch) Owen.

1.6 VAX Simulator (in debug)

- Simulates MicroVAX 3800 (KA655) with 16MB-64MB memory, RQDX3,
  RLV12, TSV11, DZV11, LPV11, PCV11.
- CDROM capability has been added to the RQDX3, to allow testing
  with VMS hobbyist images.

1.7 SDS 940 Simulator (not tested)

- Simulates SDS 940, 16K-64K memory, fixed and moving head
  disk, magtape, line printer, console.

1.8 Altair Z80

- Revised from Charles (Dutch) Owen's original by Peter Schorn.
- MITS 8080 with full Z80 simulation.
- 4K and 8K BASIC packages, Prolog package.

1.9 Interdata

The I4 simulator has been withdrawn for major rework.  Look for
a complete 16b/32b Interdata simulator sometime next year.

2. Release Notes

2.1 SCP

SCP now allows replicated registers in unit structures to be
modelled as arrays.  All replicated register declarations have
been replaced by register array declarations.  As a result,
save files from prior revisions will generate errors after
restoring main memory.

2.2 PDP-11

The Unibus map code is in debug.  The map was implemented primarily
to allow source sharing with the VAX, which requires a DMA map.
DMA devices work correctly with the Unibus map disabled.

The RQDX3 simulator has run a complete RSTS/E SYSGEN, with multiple
drives, and booted the completed system from scratch.

2.3 VAX

The VAX simulator will run the boot code up to the >>> prompt.  It
can successfully process a SHOW DEVICE command.  It runs the HCORE
instruction diagnostic.  It can boot the hobbyist CD through SYSBOOT
and through the date/time dialog and restore the hobbyist CD, using
standalone backup.  On the boot of the restored disk, it gets to the
date/time dialog, and then crashes.

2.4 SDS 940

The SDS 940 is untested, awaiting real code.

2.5 GCC Optimization

At -O2 and above, GCC does not correctly compile the simulators which
use setjmp-longjmp (PDP-11, PDP-10, VAX).  A working hypothesis is
that optimized state maintained in registers is being used in the
setjmp processing routine.  On the PDP-11 and PDP-10, all of this
state has been either made global, or volatile, to encourage GCC to
keep the state up to date in memory.  The VAX is still vulnerable.

3. Work list

3.1 SCP

- Better ENABLE/DISABLE.

3.2 PDP-11 RQDX3

Software mapped mode, RCT read simulation, VMS debug.
2011-04-15 08:33:38 -07:00

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To: Users
From: Bob Supnik
Subj: Nova Simulator Usage
Date: 1-Dec-01
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The following copyright notice applies to both the SIMH source and binary:
Original code published in 1993-2001, written by Robert M Supnik
Copyright (c) 1993-2001, Robert M Supnik
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not
be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik.
This memorandum documents the Nova simulator.
1. Simulator Files
sim/ sim_defs.h
sim_sock.h
sim_tmxr.h
scp.c
scp_tty.c
sim_rev.c
sim_sock.c
sim_tmxr.c
sim/nova/ nova_defs.h
nova_cpu.c
nova_clk.c
nova_dkp.c
nova_dsk.c
nova_lp.c
nova_mta.c
nova_plt.c
nova_sys.c
nova_tt.c
nova_tt1.c
2. Nova Features
The Nova simulator is configured as follows:
device simulates
name(s)
CPU Nova CPU with 32KW of memory
- hardware multiply/divide
PTR,PTP paper tape reader/punch
TTI,TTO console terminal
TTI1,TTO1 second terminal
LPT line printer
PLT plotter
CLK real-time clock
DK head-per-track disk controller
DP moving head disk controller with four drives
MT magnetic tape controller with eight drives
The TTI1/TTO1, PLT, DK, DP, and MT devices can be DISABLEd.
The Nova simulator implements these unique stop conditions:
- reference to undefined I/O device, and STOP_DEV is set
- more than INDMAX indirect addresses are detected during
an interrupt
- more than INDMAX indirect addresses are detected during
memory reference address decoding
The Nova loader supports standard binary format tapes. The DUMP command
is not implemented.
2.1 CPU
The only CPU options are the presence of the optional instructions
and the size of main memory.
SET CPU NOVA4 enable Nova4 instructions
SET CPU NOVA3 enable Nova3 instructions
SET CPU MDV enable multiply/divide
SET CPU NONE disable all optional instructions
SET CPU 4K set memory size = 4K
SET CPU 8K set memory size = 8K
SET CPU 12K set memory size = 12K
SET CPU 16K set memory size = 16K
SET CPU 20K set memory size = 20K
SET CPU 24K set memory size = 24K
SET CPU 28K set memory size = 28K
SET CPU 32K set memory size = 32K
(MDV = unsigned multiply/divide instructions)
(Nova 3 = unsigned multiply/divide, stack, trap instructions)
(Nova 4 = unsigned and signed multiply/divide, stack, byte, trap instructions)
If memory size is being reduced, and the memory being truncated contains
non-zero data, the simulator asks for confirmation. Data in the truncated
portion of memory is lost. Initial memory size is 32K.
CPU registers include the visible state of the processor as well as the
control registers for the interrupt system.
name size comments
PC 15 program counter
AC0..AC3 16 accumulators 0..3
C 1 carry
SR 16 front panel switches
PI 16 priority interrupt mask
ION 1 interrupt enable
ION_DELAY 1 interrupt enable delay for ION
PWR 1 power fail interrupt
INT 15 interrupt pending flags
BUSY 15 device busy flags
DONE 15 device done flags
DISABLE 15 device interrupt disable flags
STOP_DEV 1 stop on undefined IOT
INDMAX 15 maximum number of nested indirects
OLDPC 15 PC prior to last JMP, JMS, or interrupt
WRU 8 interrupt character
2.2 Programmed I/O Devices
2.2.1 Paper Tape Reader (PTR)
The paper tape reader (PTR) reads data from a disk file. The POS
register specifies the number of the next data item to be read. Thus,
by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the reader.
The paper tape reader implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
POS 31 position in the input file
TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 out of tape or paper
end of file 1 report error and stop
0 out of tape or paper
OS I/O error x report error and stop
2.2.2 Paper Tape Punch (PTP)
The paper tape punch (PTP) writes data to a disk file. The POS
register specifies the number of the next data item to be written.
Thus, by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the punch.
The paper tape punch implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
POS 31 position in the output file
TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 out of tape or paper
OS I/O error x report error and stop
2.2.3 Terminal Input (TTI)
The terminal input polls the console keyboard for input. Terminal
input options include the ability to set ANSI mode or limited Dasher
compatibility mode:
SET TTI ANSI normal mode
SET TTI DASHER Dasher mode
Setting either TTI or TTO changes both devices. In Dasher mode, carriage
return is changed to newline on input, and ^X is changed to backspace.
The terminal input implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
POS 31 number of characters input
TIME 24 keyboard polling interval
2.2.4 Terminal Output (TTO)
The terminal output writes to the simulator console window. Terminal
output options include the the ability to set ANSI mode or limited
Dasher compatibility mode:
SET TTO ANSI normal mode
SET TTO DASHER Dasher mode
Setting either TTI or TTO changes both devices. In Dasher mode, carriage
return is changed to newline on input, and ^X is changed to backspace.
The terminal output implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
POS 31 number of characters output
TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt
2.2.5 Line Printer (LPT)
The line printer (LPT) writes data to a disk file. The POS register
specifies the number of the next data item to be written. Thus,
by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the printer.
The line printer implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
POS 31 position in the output file
TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 out of paper
OS I/O error x report error and stop
2.2.6 Real-Time Clock (CLK)
The real-time clock (CLK) implements these registers:
name size comments
SELECT 2 selected clock interval
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
TIME0 24 clock frequency, select = 0
TIME1 24 clock frequency, select = 1
TIME2 24 clock frequency, select = 2
TIME3 24 clock frequency, select = 3
The real-time clock autocalibrates; the clock interval is adjusted up or
down so that the clock tracks actual elapsed time.
2.2.7 Plotter (PTP)
The plotter (PLT) writes data to a disk file. The POS register
specifies the number of the next data item to be written. Thus,
by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the plotter.
The plotter implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
POS 31 position in the output file
TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 out of tape or paper
OS I/O error x report error and stop
2.2.8 Second Terminal (TTI1, TTO1)
The second terminal consists of two independent devices, TTI1 and TTO1.
The additional terminal performs input and output through a Telnet session
connecting into a user-specified port. The ATTACH command specifies the
port to be used:
ATTACH TTI1 <port>(cr) -- set up listening port
where port is a decimal number between 1 and 65535 that is not being used
for other TCP/IP activities.
Once TTI1 is attached and the simulator is running, the terminal listens
for a connection on the specified port. It assumes that the incoming
connection is a Telnet connection. The connection remain opens until
disconnected by the Telnet client, or by a DETACH TTI1 command.
The second terminal has two options, recognized on both devices, for
setting limited Dasher-compatibility mode or ANSI mode:
SET TTI1 ANSI normal mode
SET TTI1 DASHER Dasher mode
SET TTO1 ANSI normal mode
SET TTO1 DASHER Dasher mode
Setting either TTI1 or TTO1 changes both devices. In Dasher mode, carriage
return is changed to newline on input, and ^X is changed to backspace.
The SHOW TTI1 LINESTATUS command displays the current connection to the
second terminal.
The second terminal input implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
POS 31 number of characters input
TIME 24 keyboard polling interval
The second terminal output implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
POS 31 number of characters output
TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt
2.3 Fixed Head Disk (DK)
The fixed head disk controller implements these registers:
name size comments
STAT 16 status
DA 16 disk address
MA 16 memory address
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 device disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
WLK 8 write lock switches
TIME 24 rotational delay, per sector
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
The fixed head disk controller supports the BOOT command.
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 disk not ready
Fixed head disk data files are buffered in memory; therefore, end of file
and OS I/O errors cannot occur.
2.4 Moving Head Disk (DP)
Moving head disk options include the ability to make units write enabled or
write locked, and to select the type of drive:
SET DPn LOCKED set unit n write locked
SET DPn ENABLED set unit n write enabled
SET DPn FLOPPY set unit n to floppy disk
SET DPn D31 set unit n to Diablo 31
SET DPn D44 set unit n to Diablo 44
SET DPn C111 set unit n to Century 111
SET DPn C114 set unit n to Century 114
SET DPn 6225 set unit n to 6225
SET DPn 6099 set unit n to 6099
SET DPn 6227 set unit n to 6227
SET DPn 6070 set unit n to 6070
SET DPn 6103 set unit n to 6103
SET DPn 4231 set unit n to 4231
Units can also be REMOVEd or ADDed to the configuration. The moving head
disk controller supports the BOOT command.
All drives have 256 16b words per sector. The other disk parameters are:
drive cylinders surfaces sectors size (MW) DG models
floppy 77 1 8 .158 6038
D31 203 2 12 1.247 4047, 4237, 4238
D44 408 4 12 5.014 4234, 6045
C111 203 10 6 3.118 4048
C114 203 20 12 12.472 4057, 2314
6225 20 2 245 2.508
6099 32 4 192 6.291
6227 20 6 245 7.526
6070 24 4 408 10.027
6103 32 8 192 12.583
4231 23 19 411 45.979
The moving head disk controller implements these registers:
name size comments
FCCY 16 flags, command, cylinder
USSC 16 unit, surface, sector, count
STAT 16 status
MA 16 memory address
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
STIME 24 seek time, per cylinder
RTIME 24 rotational delay
Error handling is as follows:
error processed as
not attached disk not ready
end of file assume rest of disk is zero
OS I/O error report error and stop
2.5 Magnetic Tape (MT)
Magnetic tape options include the ability to make units write enabled or
or write locked.
SET MTn LOCKED set unit n write locked
SET MTn ENABLED set unit n write enabled
Units can also be REMOVEd or ADDed to the configuration. The magnetic
tape controller supports the BOOT command.
The magnetic tape controller implements these registers:
name size comments
CU 16 command, unit
MA 16 memory address
WC 16 word count
STA1 16 status word 1
STA2 16 status word 2
EP 1 extended polling mode (not supported)
BUSY 1 device busy flag
DONE 1 device done flag
DISABLE 1 interrupt disable flag
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
CTIME 24 controller delay
RTIME 24 record delay
UST[0:7] 32 unit status, units 0-7
POS[0:7] 31 position, units 0-7
Error handling is as follows:
error processed as
not attached tape not ready
end of file (read or space) end of physical tape
(write) ignored
OS I/O error report error and stop
2.6 Symbolic Display and Input
The Nova simulator implements symbolic display and input. Display is
controlled by command line switches:
-a display as ASCII character
-c display as two character ASCII string
-m display instruction mnemonics
Input parsing is controlled by the first character typed in or by command
line switches:
' or -a ASCII character
" or -c two character ASCII string
alphabetic instruction mnemonic
numeric octal number
Instruction input uses standard Nova assembler syntax. There are three
instruction classes: memory reference, IOT, and operate.
Memory reference instructions have the format
memref {ac,}{@}address{,index}
LDA and STA require an initial register; ISZ, DSZ, JSR, and JMP do not.
The syntax for addresses and indices is as follows:
syntax mode displacement comments
0 <= n < 0400 0 n
{+/-}n >= 0400 1 {+/-}n - PC must be in range [-200, 177]
invalid on disk
.+/-n 1 {+/-}n must be in range [-200, 177]
{+/-}n,2 2 {+/-}n must be in range [-200, 177]
{+/-}n,3 3 {+/-}n must be in range [-200, 177]
IOT instructions have one of four formats
syntax example
iot HALT
iot reg INTA
iot device SKPDN
iot reg,device DOAS
Devices may be specified as mnemonics or as numbers in the range 0 - 077.
Operate instructions have the format
opcode{#} reg,reg{,skip}
In all Nova instructions, blanks may be substituted for commas as field
delimiters.
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