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simh-testsetgenerator/PDP10/pdp10_doc.txt
Bob Supnik 701f0fe028 Notes For V2.8 
1. New Features

1.1 Directory and documentation

- Only common files (SCP and libraries) are in the top level
  directory.  Individual simulator files are in their individual
  directories.
- simh_doc.txt has been split up.  simh_doc.txt now documents
  only SCP.  The individual simulators are documented in separate
  text files in their own directories.
- mingw_build.bat is a batch file for the MINGW/gcc environment
  that will build all the simulators, assuming the root directory
  structure is at c:\sim.
- Makefile is a UNIX make file for the gcc environment that will
  build all the simulators, assuming the root directory is at
  c:\sim.

1.2 SCP

- DO <file name> executes the SCP commands in the specified file.
- Replicated registers in unit structures can now be declared as
  arrays for examine, modify, save, and restore.  Most replicated
  unit registers (for example, mag tape position registers) have
  been changed to arrays.
- The ADD/REMOVE commands have been replaced by SET unit ONLINE
  and SET unit OFFLINE, respectively.
- Register names that are unique within an entire simulator do
  not have to be prefaced with the device name.
- The ATTACH command can attach files read only, either under
  user option (-r), or because the attached file is ready only.
- The SET/SHOW capabilities have been extended.  New forms include:

	SET <dev> param{=value}{ param ...}
	SET <unit> param{=value}{ param ...}
	SHOW <dev> {param param ...}
	SHOW <unit> {param param ...}

- Multiple breakpoints have been implemented.  Breakpoints are
  set/cleared/displayed by:

	BREAK addr_list{[count]}
	NOBREAK addr_list
	SHOW BREAK addr_list

1.3 PDP-11 simulator

- Unibus map implemented, with 22b RP controller (URH70) or 18b
  RP controller (URH11) (in debug).
- All DMA peripherals rewritten to use map.
- Many peripherals modified for source sharing with VAX.
- RQDX3 implemented.
- Bugs fixed in RK11 and RL11 write check.

1.4 PDP-10 simulator

- ITS 1-proceed implemented.
- Bugs fixed in ITS PC sampling and LPMR

1.5 18b PDP simulator

- Interrupts split out to multiple levels to allow easier
  expansion.

1.5 IBM System 3 Simulator

- Written by Charles (Dutch) Owen.

1.6 VAX Simulator (in debug)

- Simulates MicroVAX 3800 (KA655) with 16MB-64MB memory, RQDX3,
  RLV12, TSV11, DZV11, LPV11, PCV11.
- CDROM capability has been added to the RQDX3, to allow testing
  with VMS hobbyist images.

1.7 SDS 940 Simulator (not tested)

- Simulates SDS 940, 16K-64K memory, fixed and moving head
  disk, magtape, line printer, console.

1.8 Altair Z80

- Revised from Charles (Dutch) Owen's original by Peter Schorn.
- MITS 8080 with full Z80 simulation.
- 4K and 8K BASIC packages, Prolog package.

1.9 Interdata

The I4 simulator has been withdrawn for major rework.  Look for
a complete 16b/32b Interdata simulator sometime next year.

2. Release Notes

2.1 SCP

SCP now allows replicated registers in unit structures to be
modelled as arrays.  All replicated register declarations have
been replaced by register array declarations.  As a result,
save files from prior revisions will generate errors after
restoring main memory.

2.2 PDP-11

The Unibus map code is in debug.  The map was implemented primarily
to allow source sharing with the VAX, which requires a DMA map.
DMA devices work correctly with the Unibus map disabled.

The RQDX3 simulator has run a complete RSTS/E SYSGEN, with multiple
drives, and booted the completed system from scratch.

2.3 VAX

The VAX simulator will run the boot code up to the >>> prompt.  It
can successfully process a SHOW DEVICE command.  It runs the HCORE
instruction diagnostic.  It can boot the hobbyist CD through SYSBOOT
and through the date/time dialog and restore the hobbyist CD, using
standalone backup.  On the boot of the restored disk, it gets to the
date/time dialog, and then crashes.

2.4 SDS 940

The SDS 940 is untested, awaiting real code.

2.5 GCC Optimization

At -O2 and above, GCC does not correctly compile the simulators which
use setjmp-longjmp (PDP-11, PDP-10, VAX).  A working hypothesis is
that optimized state maintained in registers is being used in the
setjmp processing routine.  On the PDP-11 and PDP-10, all of this
state has been either made global, or volatile, to encourage GCC to
keep the state up to date in memory.  The VAX is still vulnerable.

3. Work list

3.1 SCP

- Better ENABLE/DISABLE.

3.2 PDP-11 RQDX3

Software mapped mode, RCT read simulation, VMS debug.
2011-04-15 08:33:38 -07:00

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To: Users
From: Bob Supnik
Subj: PDP-10 Simulator Usage
Date: 1-Dec-01
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The following copyright notice applies to both the SIMH source and binary:
Original code published in 1993-2001, written by Robert M Supnik
Copyright (c) 1993-2001, Robert M Supnik
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
ROBERT M SUPNIK BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of Robert M Supnik shall not
be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
in this Software without prior written authorization from Robert M Supnik.
This memorandum documents the PDP-10 simulator.
1. Simulator Files
To compile the PDP-10, you must define USE_INT64 as part of the compilation
command line.
sim/ sim_defs.h
sim_sock.h
sim_tmxr.h
dec_dz.h
scp.c
scp_tty.c
sim_rev.c
sim_sock.c
sim_tmxr.c
sim/pdp10/ pdp10_defs.h
pdp10_cpu.c
pdp10_dz.c
pdp10_fe.c
pdp10_ksio.c
pdp10_lp20.c
pdp10_mdfp.c
pdp10_pag.c
pdp10_pt.c
pdp10_rp.c
pdp10_sys.c
pdp10_tu.c
pdp10_xtnd.c
2. PDP-10 Features
The PDP-10 simulator is configured as follows:
device simulates
name(s)
CPU KS10 CPU with 1MW of memory
PAG paging unit (translation maps)
UBA Unibus adapters (translation maps)
FE console
TIM timer
PTR,PTP PC11 paper tape reader/punch
DZ DZ11 8-line terminal multiplexor
LP20 LP20 line printer
RP RH11/RP04/RP05/RP06/RP07/RM03/RM05/RM80 controller with
eight drives
TU RH11/TM02/TU45 controller with eight drives
The PTR/PTP are initially DISABLEd. The DZ11 can also be DISABLEd.
The PDP-10 simulator implements several unique stop condition:
- illegal instruction (000) in kernel mode
- indirect addressing nesting exceeds limit
- execute chaining exceeds limit
- page fail or other error in interrupt sequence
- illegal instruction in interrupt sequence
- invalid vector pointer in interrupt sequence
- invalid Unibus adapter number
- non-existent exec or user page table address
The PDP-10 loader supports RIM10B format paper tapes, SAV binary files, and
EXE binary files. LOAD switches -r, -s, -e specify RIM10, SAV, EXE format,
respectively. If no switch is specified, the LOAD command checks the file
extension; .RIM, .SAV, .EXE specify RIM10, SAV, EXE format, respectively.
If no switch specified, and no extension matches, the LOAD command checks
the file format to try to determine the file type.
2.1 CPU
The CPU options allow the user to specify standard microcode, standard
microcode with a bug fix for a boostrap problem in TOPS-20 V4.1, or ITS
microcode
SET CPU STANDARD Standard microcode
SET CPU TOPS20V41 Standard microcode with TOPS-20 V4.1 bug fix
SET CPU ITS ITS compatible microcode
CPU registers include the visible state of the processor as well as the
control registers for the interrupt system.
name size comments
PC 18 program counter
FLAGS 18 processor flags (<13:17> unused)
AC0..AC17 36 accumulators
IR 36 instruction register
EBR 18 executive base register
PGON 1 paging enabled flag
T20P 1 TOPS-20 paging
UBR 18 user base register
CURAC 3 current AC block
PRVAC 3 previous AC block
SPT 36 shared pointer table
CST 36 core status table
PUR 36 process update register
CSTM 36 CST mask
HSB 18 halt status block address
DBR1 18 descriptor base register 1 (ITS)
DBR2 18 descriptor base register 2 (ITS)
DBR3 18 descriptor base register 3 (ITS)
DBR4 18 descriptor base register 4 (ITS)
PIENB 7 PI levels enabled
PIACT 7 PI levels active
PIPRQ 7 PI levels with program requests
PIIOQ 7 PI levels with IO requests
PIAPR 7 PI levels with APR requests
APRENB 8 APR flags enabled
APRFLG 8 APR flags active
APRLVL 3 PI level for APR interrupt
IND_MAX 8 indirect address nesting limit
XCT_MAX 8 execute chaining limit
OLDPC 18 PC prior to last transfer instruction
WRU 8 interrupt character
REG[0:127] 36 fast memory blocks
2.2 Pager
The pager contains the page maps for executive and user mode. The
executive page map is the memory space for unit 0, the user page map the
memory space for unit 1. A page map entry is 32 bits wide and has the
following format:
bit content
--- -------
31 page is writeable
30 entry is valid
29:19 mbz
18:9 physical page base address
8:0 mbz
The pager has no registers.
2.3 Unibus Adapters
The Unibus adapters link the system I/O devices to the CPU. Unibus
adapter 1 (UBA1) is unit 0, and Unibus adapter 3 is unit 1. The
adapter's Unibus map is the memory space of the corresponding unit.
The Unibus Adapter has the following registers:
name size comments
INTREQ 32 interrupt requests
UB1CS 16 Unibus adapter 1 control/status
UB3CS 16 Unibus adapter 3 control/status
2.4 Front End (FE)
The front end is the system console. The keyboard input is unit 0,
the console output is unit 1. It supports two options:
SET FE STOP halts the PDP-10 operating system
SET FE CTLC simulates typing ^C (for Windoze)
The front end has the following registers:
name size comments
IBUF 8 input buffer
ICOUNT 31 count of input characters
ITIME 24 keyboard polling interval
OBUF 8 output buffer
OCOUNT 31 count of output characters
OTIME 24 console output response time
2.5 Timer (TIM)
The timer (TIM) implements the system timer, the interval timer, and
the time of day clock used to get the date and time at system startup.
Because most PDP-10 software is not Y2K compliant, the timer implements
one option
SET TIM NOY2K software not Y2K compliant, limit time
of day clock to 1999 (default)
SET TIM Y2K software is Y2K compliant
The timer has the following registers:
name size comments
TIMBASE 59 time base (double precision)
TTG 36 time to go (remaining time) for interval
PERIOD 36 reset value for interval
QUANT 36 quantum timer (ITS only)
TIME 24 tick delay
DIAG 1 use fixed tick delay instead of autocalibration
Unless the DIAG flag is set, the timer autocalibrates; the tick delay
is adjusted up or down so that the time base tracks actual elapsed time.
This may cause time-dependent diagnostics to report errors.
2.6 PC11 Paper Tape Reader (PTR)
The paper tape reader (PTR) reads data from a disk file. The POS
register specifies the number of the next data item to be read. Thus,
by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the reader.
The paper tape reader implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
CSR 16 control/status register
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
ERR 1 error flag (CSR<15>)
BUSY 1 busy flag (CSR<11>)
DONE 1 device done flag (CSR<7>)
IE 1 interrupt enable flag (CSR<6>)
POS 31 position in the input file
TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 out of tape
end of file 1 report error and stop
0 out of tape
OS I/O error x report error and stop
2.7 PC11 Paper Tape Punch (PTP)
The paper tape punch (PTP) writes data to a disk file. The POS
register specifies the number of the next data item to be written.
Thus, by by changing POS, the user can backspace or advance the punch.
The paper tape punch implements these registers:
name size comments
BUF 8 last data item processed
CSR 16 control/status register
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
ERR 1 error flag (CSR<15>)
DONE 1 device done flag (CSR<7>)
IE 1 interrupt enable flag (CSR<6>)
POS 31 position in the input or output file
TIME 24 time from I/O initiation to interrupt
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 out of tape
OS I/O error x report error and stop
2.8 DZ11 Terminal Multiplexor (DZ)
The DZ11 is an 8-line terminal multiplexor. The terminal lines perform
input and output through Telnet sessions connected to a user-specified
port. The ATTACH command specifies the port to be used:
ATTACH {-am} DZ <port>(cr) -- set up listening port
where port is a decimal number between 1 and 65535 that is not being used
for other TCP/IP activities. The optional switch -m turns on the DZ11's
modem controls; the optional switch -a turns on active disconnects
(disconnect session if computer clears Data Terminal Ready).
Once the DZ is attached and the simulator is running, the DZ will listen
for connections on the specified port. It assumes that the incoming
connections are Telnet connections. The connection remains open until
disconnected either by the simulated program or by the Telnet client.
The SHOW DZ LINESTATUS command displays the current connections to the DZ.
The DZ11 implements these registers:
name size comments
CSR 16 control/status register
RBUF 16 receive buffer
LPR 16 line parameter register
TCR 16 transmission control register
MSR 16 modem status register
TDR 16 transmit data register
SAENB 1 silo alarm enabled
MDMTCL 1 modem control enabled
AUTODS 1 autodisconnect enabled
RPOS0..7 32 count of characters received
TPOS0..7 32 count of characters transmitted
The DZ11 does not support save and restore. All open connections are
lost when the simulator shuts down or the DZ is detached.
2.9 RH11 Adapter, RM02/03/05/80, RP04/05/06/07 drives (RP)
The RP controller implements the Massbus 18b (RH11) direct interface for
large disk drives. It is more abstract than other device simulators, with
just enough detail to run operating system drivers. In addition, the RP
controller conflates the details of the RM series controllers with the RP
series controllers, although there were detailed differences.
RP options include the ability to set units write enabled or write locked,
to set the drive type to one of six disk types, or autosize:
SET RPn LOCKED set unit n write locked
SET RPn ENABLED set unit n write enabled
SET RPn RM03 set type to RM03
SET RPn RM05 set type to RM05
SET RPn RM80 set type to RM80
SET RPn RP04 set type to RP04
SET RPn RP06 set type to RP06
SET RPn RP07 set type to RP07
SET RPn AUTOSIZE set type based on file size at attach
The type options can be used only when a unit is not attached to a file.
Note that TOPS-10 V7.03 only supported the RP06 and RM03; V7.04 added
support for the RP07. Units can be REMOVEd or ADDed to the configuration.
The RP controller implements these registers:
name size comments
RPCS1 16 control/status 1
RPWC 16 word count
RPBA 16 bus address
RPDA 16 desired surface, sector
RPCS2 16 control/status 2
RPDS[0:7] 16 drive status, drives 0-7
RPER1[0:7] 16 drive errors, drives 0-7
RPOF 16 offset
RPDC 8 desired cylinder
RPER2 16 error status 2
RPER3 16 error status 3
RPEC1 16 ECC syndrome 1
RPEC2 16 ECC syndrome 2
RPMR 16 maintenance register
RPDB 16 data buffer
IFF 1 transfer complete interrupt request flop
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
SC 1 special condition (CSR1<15>)
DONE 1 device done flag (CSR1<7>)
IE 1 interrupt enable flag (CSR1<6>)
STIME 24 seek time, per cylinder
RTIME 24 rotational delay
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 disk not ready
end of file x assume rest of disk is zero
OS I/O error x report error and stop
2.10 RH11 Adapter, TM02 Formatter, TU45 Magnetic Tape (TU)
The magnetic tape simulator simulates an RH11 Massbus adapter with one
TM02 formatter and up to eight TU45 drives. Magnetic tape options include
the ability to make units write enabled or locked.
SET TUn LOCKED set unit n write locked
SET TUn ENABLED set unit n write enabled
Units can also be REMOVEd or ADDed to the configuration.
The magnetic tape controller implements these registers:
name size comments
MTCS1 16 control/status 1
MTBA 16 memory address
MTWC 16 word count
MTFC 16 frame count
MTCS2 16 control/status 2
MTFS 16 formatter status
MTER 16 error status
MTCC 16 check character
MTDB 16 data buffer
MTMR 16 maintenance register
MTTC 16 tape control register
INT 1 interrupt pending flag
DONE 1 device done flag
IE 1 interrupt enable flag
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
TIME 24 delay
UST[0:7] 16 unit status, units 0-7
POS[0:7] 31 position, units 0-7
Error handling is as follows:
error processed as
not attached tape not ready
end of file (read or space) end of physical tape
(write) ignored
OS I/O error report error and stop
2.11 LP20 DMA Line Printer (LP20)
The LP20 is a DMA-based line printer controller. There is one
line printer option to clear the vertical forms unit (VFU).
SET LP20 VFUCLEAR clear the vertical forms unit
The LP20 implements these registers:
name size comments
LPCSA 16 control/status register A
LPCSB 16 control/status register B
LPBA 16 bus address register
LPBC 12 byte count register
LPPAGC 12 page count register
LPRDAT 12 RAM data register
LPCBUF 8 character buffer register
LPCOLC 8 column counter register
LPPDAT 8 printer data register
LPCSUM 8 checksum register
DVPTR 7 vertical forms unit pointer
DVLNT 7 vertical forms unit length
INT 1 interrupt request
ERR 1 error flag
DONE 1 done flag
IE 1 interrupt enable flag
POS 31 position in output file
TIME 24 response time
STOP_IOE 1 stop on I/O error
TXRAM[0:255] 12 translation RAM
DAVFU[0:142] 12 vertical forms unit array
Error handling is as follows:
error STOP_IOE processed as
not attached 1 report error and stop
0 out of paper
OS I/O error x report error and stop
2.12 Symbolic Display and Input
The PDP-10 simulator implements symbolic display and input. Display is
controlled by command line switches:
-a display as ASCII character
-c display as (sixbit) character string
-p display as packed (seven bit) string
-m display instruction mnemonics
-v interpret address as virtual
-e force executive mode
-u force user mode
Input parsing is controlled by the first character typed in or by command
line switches:
' or -a ASCII character
" or -c sixbit string
# or -p packed seven bit string
alphabetic instruction mnemonic
numeric octal number
Instruction input uses standard PDP-10 assembler syntax. There are three
instruction classes: memory reference, memory reference with AC, and I/O.
Memory reference instructions have the format
memref {@}address{(index)}
memory reference with AC instructions have the format
memac ac,{@}address{(index)}
and I/O instructions have the format
io device,{@}address{(index)}
where @ signifies indirect. The address is a signed octal number in the
range 0 - 0777777. The ac and index are unsigned octal numbers in the
range 0-17. The device is either a recognized device mnemonic (APR, PI,
TIM) or an octal number in the range 0 - 0177.
The simulator recognizes the standard MACRO alternate mnemonics (CLEAR
for SETZ, OR for IORI), the individual definitions for JRST and JFCL
variants, and the extended instruction mnemonics.
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